Україна: 10-й клас.

1. The situation arose because... / ðə sɪtjʊˈeɪʃən əˈrəʊz bɪˈkəz... / 

2. One reason for this is... / wʌn ˈriːzən fɔː ðɪs ɪz... / 

3. This resulted in... / ðɪs rɪˈzʌltɪd ɪn... /

4. An example of this is... / ən ɪɡˈzɑːmpl ɒv ðɪs ɪz... / 

5. Consequently, we can see that... / ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli, wiː kæn siː ðæt... / 

1. Ситуація виникла тому що...

2. Одна з причин цього...

3.  Це призвело до...

4. Прикладом цього є...

5. Отже, ми можемо бачити, що...

The situation arose because the war has disrupted key industries.

One reason for this is the destruction of infrastructure.

This resulted in a sharp decline in economic stability.

An example of this is the closure of factories in the eastern regions.

Consequently, we can see that the economy is facing significant challenges.

1. I suppose that... / aɪ səˈpəʊz ðæt... / 

2. It seems to me that... / ɪt siːmz tə miː ðæt... / 

3. I would guess that... / aɪ wʊd ɡɛs ðæt... / 

4. My assumption is that... / maɪ əˈsʌmpʃən ɪz ðæt... / 

5. I believe that... / aɪ bɪˈliːv ðæt... / 

1. Я припускаю, що...

2. Мені здається, що...

3. Я б припустив, що...

4. Моє припущення полягає в тому, що...

5. Я вважаю, що...

I suppose that rebuilding will take many years.

It seems to me that the scale of destruction is immense.

I would guess that international support will be substantial.

My assumption is that Ukraine's resilience will drive recovery.

I believe that unity and international aid are crucial.

1. It is likely that... / ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðæt... / 

2. There is a high chance that... / ðeə ɪz ə haɪ tʃɑːns ðæt... / 

3. I predict that... / aɪ prɪˈdɪkt ðæt... / 

4. It is possible that... / ɪt ɪz ˈpɒsəbl ðæt... / 

5. We can expect that... / wiː kæn ɪkˈspɛkt ðæt... / 

1. Ймовірно, що...

2. Є велика ймовірність, що...

3. Я прогнозую, що...

4. Можливо, що...

5. Ми можемо очікувати, що...

It is likely that recovery will be gradual.

There is a high chance that international aid will increase.

I predict that the economy will take years to stabilize.

It is possible that new challenges will arise during reconstruction.

We can expect that rebuilding will be a long-term process.

1. First, we need to consider... / fɜːst, wiː niːd tə kənˈsɪdə... / 

2. Next, it is important to note... / nɛkst, ɪt ɪz ɪmˈpɔːtənt tə nəʊt... / 

3. Then, we can see that... / ðɛn, wiː kæn siː ðæt... / 

4. Following this, we observe... / ˈfɒləʊɪŋ ðɪs, wiː əbˈzɜːv... / 

5. Finally, it becomes clear that... / ˈfaɪnəli, ɪt bɪˈkʌmz klɪə ðæt... / 

1. Спершу нам потрібно розглянути...

2. Далі важливо зазначити...

3. Потім ми можемо побачити, що...

4. Після цього ми спостерігаємо...

5. Нарешті стає зрозумілим, що...

First, we need to consider the immediate humanitarian needs.

Next, it is important to note the necessity of infrastructure rebuilding.

Then, we can see that economic revitalization must be prioritized.

Following this, we observe the importance of social stability.

Finally, it becomes clear that long-term planning is essential.

In my opinion... / ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən... / 

I believe that... / aɪ bɪˈliːv ðæt... / 

From my perspective... / frəm maɪ pəˈspɛktɪv... / 

I think that... / aɪ θɪŋk ðæt... / 

It seems to me that... / ɪt siːmz tə miː ðæt... /

На мою думку...

Я вважаю, що...

З моєї точки зору...

Я думаю, що...

Мені здається, що..

In my opinion, the resilience of the Ukrainian people is remarkable.

I believe that international support is vital for recovery.

From my perspective, the economy will eventually recover.

I think that rebuilding infrastructure is the most pressing challenge.

It seems to me that sustained international aid is crucial.

1. The future of this project looks... / ðə ˈfjuːtʃər əv ðɪs ˈprɒʤɛkt lʊks... / 

2. We can anticipate that... / wiː kæn ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt ðæt... / 

3. Long-term prospects include... / lɒŋ-tɜːm ˈprɒspɛkts ɪnˈkluːd... / 

4. Looking ahead, we might see... / ˈlʊkɪŋ əˈhɛd, wiː maɪt siː... / 

5. Future developments could involve... / ˈfjuːtʃər dɪˈvɛləpmənts kʊd ɪnˈvɒlv... / 

1. Майбутнє цього проекту виглядає...

2. Ми можемо очікувати, що...

3. Довгострокові перспективи включають...

4. Дивлячись вперед, ми можемо побачити...

5. Майбутні розробки можуть включати...

The future of this project looks challenging but hopeful.

We can anticipate that international support will continue to grow.

Long-term prospects include rebuilding and economic recovery.

Looking ahead, we might see a stronger, more resilient Ukraine.

Future developments could involve increased foreign investment.

1. I suggest that you... / aɪ səˈʤɛst ðæt juː... / 

2. My advice would be to... / maɪ ədˈvaɪs wʊd biː tə... / 

3. You might want to consider... / juː maɪt wɒnt tə kənˈsɪdə... / 

4. In response to your advice, I think... / ɪn rɪˈspɒns tə jɔːr ədˈvaɪs, aɪ θɪŋk... / 

5. Based on your suggestion, I will... / beɪst ɒn jɔːr səˈʤɛsʧən, aɪ wɪl... / 

1. Я раджу тобі...

2. Моя порада буде...

3. Тобі варто розглянути...

4. Відповідаючи на вашу пораду, я думаю...

5. Ґрунтуючись на вашій пораді, я...

You might want to consider the ongoing and evolving nature of the crisis.

In response to your advice, I think it's crucial to follow expert recommendations closely.

Based on your suggestion, I will focus on targeted infrastructure projects.

1. I believe this because... / aɪ bɪˈliːv ðɪs bɪˈkəz... / 

2. The main reason is... / ðə meɪn ˈriːzn ɪz... / 

3. Supporting evidence shows that... / səˈpɔːtɪŋ ˈɛvɪdəns ʃəʊz ðæt... / 

4. Another argument is that... / əˈnʌðər ˈɑːgjʊmənt ɪz ðæt... / 

5. It is clear from this that... / ɪt ɪz klɪə frəm ðɪs ðæt... / 

1. Я вірю в це, тому що...

2. Основна причина полягає в тому, що...

3. Підтверджуючі докази показують, що...

4. Ще одним аргументом є те, що...

5. З цього зрозуміло, що...

I believe this because the scale of destruction is vast.

The main reason is that Ukraine's resources are severely strained.

Supporting evidence shows that the humanitarian crisis remains severe.

Another argument is that a stable Ukraine contributes to global security.

It is clear from this that sustained international support is essential.

1. Let’s discuss this further... / lɛts dɪsˈkʌs ðɪs ˈfɜːðə... / 

2. Can we consider the following... / kæn wiː kənˈsɪdə ðə ˈfɒləʊɪŋ... / 

3. I would like to draw your attention to... / aɪ wʊd laɪk tə drɔː jɔːr əˈtɛnʃən tə... / 

4. What are your thoughts on... / wɒt ɑː jɔː θɔːts ɒn... / 

5. Let’s focus on the key points... / lɛts ˈfəʊkəs ɒn ðə kiː pɔɪnts... / 

1. Давайте обговоримо це докладніше...

2. Чи можемо ми розглянути наступне...

3. Я хотів би звернути вашу увагу на...

4. Які ваші думки щодо...

5. Давайте зосередимося на ключових моментах...

Let’s discuss this further by examining the economic and social impacts.

Can we consider the following: rebuilding efforts and international partnerships?

I would like to draw your attention to the key areas of infrastructure and humanitarian aid.

I believe that international organizations play a crucial role in providing aid and supporting reconstruction efforts. 

Let’s focus on the key points of immediate aid and long-term recovery strategies.

UN Security Council /juː ɛn sɪˈkjʊərəti ˈkaʊnsəl/ – Рада Безпеки ООН

Maintain world peace /meɪnˈteɪn wɜːld piːs/ – Зберігати світовий мир

Permanent members /ˈpɜːmənənt ˈmɛmbəz/ – Постійні члени

Military conflict /ˈmɪlɪtəri ˈkɒnflɪkt/ – Військовий конфлікт

Veto power /ˈviːtəʊ ˈpaʊə/ – Право вето

Block actions /blɒk ˈækʃənz/ – Блокувати дії

Resolve the conflict /rɪˈzɒlv ðə ˈkɒnflɪkt/ – Вирішити конфлікт

Act effectively /ækt ɪˈfɛktɪvli/ – Діяти ефективно

Directly involved /dɪˈrɛktli ɪnˈvɒlvd/ – Безпосередньо залучені

The UN Security Council is meant to help maintain world peace, but it faces challenges when its permanent members are involved in conflicts. For example, Russia, a permanent member, is involved in a military conflict with Ukraine, which is also a UN member. This situation is difficult because Russia can use its veto power to block actions that might help resolve the conflict. This makes it harder for the UN to act effectively and address issues where permanent members are directly involved. 

NATO /ˈneɪtəʊ/ – НАТО

Aggression /əˈɡrɛʃən/ – Агресія

Threaten /ˈθrɛtn/ – Загрожувати

Safety /ˈseɪfti/ – Безпека

Support /səˈpɔːt/ – Підтримка

Join NATO /dʒɔɪn ˈneɪtəʊ/ – Приєднатися до НАТО

Alliance /əˈlaɪəns/ – Альянс

Prevent attacks /prɪˈvɛnt əˈtæks/ – Запобігти атакам

Crucial /ˈkruːʃəl/ – Вкрай важливо

NATO faces challenges because Russia’s aggression towards Ukraine can also threaten NATO countries close to Russia, like Estonia and Poland. These countries are worried about their own safety and need NATO’s help. NATO must decide how to protect its members and support Ukraine. One option could be allowing Ukraine to join NATO, which would make the alliance stronger and help prevent more attacks. Acting quickly and supporting Ukraine is crucial for keeping NATO safe and stable. 

Negotiating /nɪˈɡəʊʃɪeɪtɪŋ/ – Переговори

Prisoner exchange /ˈprɪzənər ɪksˈʧeɪndʒ/ – Обмін полоненими

Red Cross Committee /rɛd krɒs kəˈmɪti/ – Комітет Червоного Хреста

Facilitated /fəˈsɪlɪteɪtɪd/ – Сприяли

Humanitarian efforts /hjuːˌmænɪˈteərɪən ˈɛfəts/ – Гуманітарні зусилля

Notable success /ˈnəʊtəbl səkˈsɛs/ – Помітний успіх

Diplomacy /dɪˈpləʊməsi/ – Дипломатія

Contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃən/ – Внесок

Recently, Ukraine played a significant role in negotiating a prisoner exchange with Russia. The Red Cross Committee facilitated the talks, which were crucial for improving the situation for prisoners. These talks also demonstrated Ukraine's active role in international humanitarian efforts. A notable success was the exchange in April 2023, where, with the help of the Red Cross, Ukraine negotiated the release of 200 Ukrainian prisoners. The achievement highlighted Ukraine's contribution to international diplomacy and humanitarian work.

International organizations /ˌɪntəˈnæʃənl ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənz/ – Міжнародні організації

Support /səˈpɔːt/ – Підтримка

Security /sɪˈkjʊərɪti/ – Безпека

Trade /treɪd/ – Торгівля

Humanitarian aid /hjuːˌmænɪˈteərɪən eɪd/ – Гуманітарна допомога

Voice in global decisions /vɔɪs ɪn ˈɡləʊbl dɪˈsɪʒənz/ – Голос у світових рішеннях

Build relationships /bɪld rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪps/ – Налагоджувати стосунки

Economic development /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ – Економічний розвиток

Military support /ˈmɪlɪtəri səˈpɔːt/ – Військова підтримка

Global cooperation /ˈɡləʊbl kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/ – Глобальна співпраця

Being a member of international organizations helps Ukraine by providing support in areas like security, trade, and humanitarian aid. It also gives Ukraine a voice in global decisions and helps build relationships with other countries. Some examples of these organizations are:

1. The United Nations (UN): It helps Ukraine with humanitarian aid and international diplomacy.

2. The European Union (EU): It supports economic development and trade with Ukraine.

3. NATO: It provides security and military support to help protect Ukraine.

These organizations play a key role in global cooperation and support, which is important for Ukraine’s development and security.

Parliamentary system /ˌpɑːləˈmɛntəri ˈsɪstəm/ – Парламентська система

Head of state /hɛd əv steɪt/ – Голова держави

Head of government /hɛd əv ˈɡʌvənmənt/ – Голова уряду

Administrative divisions /ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv dɪˈvɪʒənz/ – Адміністративний поділ

Regions /ˈriːʤənz/ – Регіони

Districts /ˈdɪstrɪkts/ – Райони

Municipalities /mjuːˌnɪsɪˈpælɪtiz/ – Муніципалітети

Local government /ˈləʊkl ˈɡʌvənmənt/ – Місцеве самоврядування

Ivy: Oleksiy, can you explain how the political structure of our country works?

Oleksiy: Sure, Ivy. Our country has a parliamentary system. We have a President who is the head of state, and a Prime Minister who is the head of government.

Ivy: What about the administrative divisions?

Oleksiy: The country is divided into regions, which are further subdivided into districts and municipalities. Each level has its own local government.

Parliamentary republic /ˌpɑːləˈmɛntəri rɪˈpʌblɪk/ – Парламентська республіка

Head of state /hɛd əv steɪt/ – Голова держави

Head of government /hɛd əv ˈɡʌvənmənt/ – Голова уряду

Parliament /ˈpɑːləmənt/ – Парламент

Verkhovna Rada /vɛrˈkəʊvnə ˈrɑːdə/ – Верховна Рада

Making laws /ˈmeɪkɪŋ lɔːz/ – Прийняття законів

Overseeing the government /ˌəʊvəˈsiːɪŋ ðə ˈɡʌvənmənt/ – Контроль за урядом

Administrative divisions /ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv dɪˈvɪʒənz/ – Адміністративний поділ

Oblasts /ˈɒblæsts/ – Області

Districts (raions) /ˈdɪstrɪkts (ˈraɪəʊnz)/ – Райони

Municipalities (hromadas) /mjuːˌnɪsɪˈpælɪtiz (ˈhrɒmɑːdz)/ – Громади

Local governance /ˈləʊkl ˈɡʌvənəns/ – Місцеве самоврядування

Ivy: Oleksiy, can you explain how the political structure of our country works?

Oleksiy: Certainly, Ivy. Ukraine operates as a parliamentary republic. The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister serves as the head of government. The Parliament, known as the Verkhovna Rada, is responsible for making laws and overseeing the government.

Ivy: What about the administrative divisions?

Oleksiy: Ukraine is organized into 24 regions called oblasts. Each oblast is divided into districts, or raions, and further into municipalities called hromadas. These divisions help manage local governance and services effectively, with each level having its own elected officials.

Social challenges /ˈsəʊʃəl ˈʧælɪndʒɪz/ – Соціальні проблеми

Impact of the war /ˈɪmpækt əv ðə wɔː/ – Вплив війни

Homelessness /ˈhəʊmlɪsnɪs/ – Безпритульність

Poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ – Бідність

Environment /ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt/ – Навколишнє середовище

Pollution /pəˈluːʃən/ – Забруднення

Natural resources /ˈnæʧrəl rɪˈsɔːsɪz/ – Природні ресурси

Clean water /kliːn ˈwɔːtə/ – Чиста вода

Fertile lands /ˈfɜːtaɪl lændz/ – Родючі землі

Mines /maɪnz/ – Міни

Food supply /fuːd səˈplaɪ/ – Запас продуктів

Education /ˌɛdju(ː)ˈkeɪʃən/ – Освіта

Damaged schools /ˈdæmɪʤd skuːlz/ – Пошкоджені школи

Brick-and-mortar studies /brɪk-ænd-ˈmɔːtə ˈstʌdɪz/ – Традиційне навчання

In our community, we face several social challenges. One big challenge is the impact of the war, which has caused many people to lose their homes and jobs. This has led to an increase in homelessness and poverty. Another challenge is the environment. Natural resources like clean water and air are being affected by pollution. Fertile lands are also being polluted by mines, making it hard to grow crops and affecting the food supply. Finally, there is the issue of education. Many schools have been damaged, and students are finding it difficult to continue their brick-and-mortar studies. These social challenges need attention and solutions to improve our community. 

Civic stance /ˈsɪvɪk stæns/ – Громадянська позиція

Constructive way /kənˈstrʌktɪv weɪ/ – Конструктивний спосіб

Smart Spending /smɑːrt ˈspɛndɪŋ/ – Розумні витрати

Long-term benefits /lɔːŋ tɜːrm ˈbɛnɪfɪts/ – Довгострокові переваги

Efficient Use /ɪˈfɪʃənt juːz/ – Ефективне використання

Direct Support /dɪˈrɛkt səˈpɔːrt/ – Пряма підтримка

Essential needs /ɪˈsɛnʃəl niːdz/ – Основні потреби

Future Planning /ˈfjuːtʃər ˈplænɪŋ/ – Планування на майбутнє

Rebuild /riːˈbɪld/ – Відновлювати

Community /kəˈmjunɪti/ – Спільнота

Lasting impacts /ˈlæstɪŋ ˈɪmpækts/ – Тривалі наслідки

Oleksiy: Welcome back to our podcast series, where we discuss important topics for young people in Ukraine. Today, we're talking about how you can express your civic stance on social challenges during wartime in a constructive way. Let's dive in!

Ivy: During wartime, it's crucial to spend resources wisely. Instead of just helping temporarily, we should focus on solutions that last and prevent problems. For example, buying a licensed Windows system for a school laptop is a smart investment in education.

Oleksiy: So, how can you express your civic stance constructively? Here are a few key points:

1. Smart Spending: Invest in things that have long-term benefits, like education.

2. Efficient Use: Use resources in a way that solves problems permanently.

3. Direct Support: Help people affected by the war with essential needs like food and shelter.

4. Future Planning: Support efforts to rebuild and improve the community after the war.

Ivy: By focusing on these areas, you ensure that resources are used well and help create a better future. It's all about making thoughtful decisions that have lasting impacts. Thanks for tuning in, and remember, even small actions can lead to big changes. Stay strong and stay involved!

Oleksiy: Join us next time as we continue to explore ways we can make a positive impact in our community. Until then, take care and keep making a difference!

Opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ – Думка

Social challenges /ˈsoʊʃəl ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/ – Соціальні проблеми

Skills /skɪlz/ – Навички

Understand /ˌʌndərˈstænd/ – Розуміти

Solve problems /sɔːlv ˈprɒbləmz/ – Розв’язувати проблеми

Handle situations /ˈhændl ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃənz/ – Справлятися з ситуаціями

Effective /ɪˈfɛktɪv/ – Ефективний

Wisely /ˈwaɪzli/ – Розумно

Rebuild /riːˈbɪld/ – Відновлювати

Plan for the future /plæn fɔːr ðə ˈfjuːtʃər/ – Планувати на майбутнє

Problem-solving skills /ˈprɒbləm ˈsɒlvɪŋ skɪlz/ – Навички вирішення проблем

Think critically /θɪŋk ˈkrɪtɪkli/ – Критично мислити

Act responsibly /ækt rɪˈspɒnsəbli/ – Діяти відповідально

The decisions we make during war or peace are important, but what really matters is the skills we gain. These skills help us understand and solve problems better. They also teach us how to handle different situations effectively. Using these skills wisely can make a big difference in improving our community, whether we are facing challenges or enjoying peace. For example, problem-solving skills can help us rebuild and plan for a better future. Being able to think critically and act responsibly is valuable in any situation. 

Natural resources /ˈnæʧrəl rɪˈsɔːrsɪz/ – Природні ресурси

Fascinating /ˈfæsɪˌneɪtɪŋ/ – Чудовий

Water /ˈwɔːtər/ – Вода

Forests /ˈfɔːrɪsts/ – Ліси

Minerals /ˈmɪnərəlz/ – Мінерали

Fossil fuels /ˈfɒsl ˈfjʊəlz/ – Викопне паливо

Survival /sərˈvaɪvl/ – Виживання

Economic development /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ – Економічний розвиток

Teacher: Good morning, everyone! Today, we’re going to explore the fascinating world of natural resources, specifically focusing on Ukraine. Can anyone give me an example?” Student: “Certainly! Water is a natural resource.” 

Teacher: “Excellent! Water is indeed a crucial natural resource. But there’s more to uncover. Natural resources in Ukraine include water, forests, minerals, and fossil fuels. These resources are essential for our survival and economic development. 

Natural resources /ˈnæʧrəl rɪˈsɔːsɪz/ – Природні ресурси

Forests /ˈfɒrɪsts/ – Ліси

Vital /ˈvaɪtl/ – Важливий

Minerals /ˈmɪnərəlz/ – Мінерали

Fossil fuels /ˈfɒsəl ˈfjʊəlz/ – Викопне паливо

Coal /kəʊl/ – Вугілля

Natural gas /ˈnæʧrəl ɡæs/ – Природний газ

Survival /səˈvaɪvl/ – Виживання

Economic development /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ – Економічний розвиток

Teacher: Good morning, everyone! Today, we’re going to explore the natural resources of Ukraine. Can anyone name a natural resource found in Ukraine?

Student: Forests are a major natural resource in Ukraine.

Teacher: Exactly! Ukraine is rich in forests, which are vital for the environment and economy. Additionally, we have valuable minerals and fossil fuels like coal and natural gas. Water is also an important resource. All these resources play a crucial role in our survival and economic development.

Charitable activity /ˌtʃærɪtəbl ækˈtɪvɪti/ – Благодійна діяльність

Society /səˈsaɪəti/ – Суспільство

Strengthens /ˈstrɛŋθnz/ – Зміцнює

Community /kəˈmjunəti/ – Спільнота

Holidays /ˈhɒlɪdeɪz/ – Свята

Care /kɛər/ – Турбота

Celebrations /ˌsɛlɪˈbreɪʃənz/ – Урочистості

Support /səˈpɔːrt/ – Підтримка

Struggling /ˈstrʌɡlɪŋ/ – Ті, хто бореться

Providing food and shelter /prəˈvaɪdɪŋ fuːd ənd ˈʃɛltər/ – Надання їжі та притулку

Kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ – Доброта

Compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/ – Співчутливий

Charitable activity is important in society because it helps those in need and strengthens our community. Just like holidays bring people together and show care through celebrations, charitable activities support people who are struggling. For example, giving to a charity during the holidays can help provide food and shelter for those who need it most. It’s a way to show kindness and support, making our society more connected and compassionate. Charitable actions help everyone, especially during tough times, and remind us of the importance of looking out for each other. 

Fundraiser /ˈfʌndˌreɪzər/ – Благодійний захід

Military /ˈmɪlɪtəri/ – Військові

Drones /droʊnz/ – Дрони

Target /ˈtɑːrɡɪt/ – Націлюватися

Destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ – Знищити

Armored vehicles /ˈɑːrmərd ˈviːɪkəlz/ – Броньовані автомобілі

Cook meals /kʊk miːlz/ – Готувати їжу

Military personnel /ˈmɪlɪtəri ˌpɜːrsəˈnɛl/ – Військовослужбовці

Support /səˈpɔːrt/ – Підтримка

Improving safety /ɪmˈpruːvɪŋ ˈseɪfti/ – Покращення безпеки

Providing food /prəˈvaɪdɪŋ fuːd/ – Надання їжі

Real impact /rɪəl ˈɪmpækt/ – Справжній вплив

Difficult times /ˈdɪfɪkəlt taɪmz/ – Складні часи

Yes, our school recently organized a fundraiser to help the military. Teacherrs used the money to buy drones that target and destroy armored vehicles. We also used some of the funds to cook meals for military personnel staying in Kyiv. This support helped our community by improving safety and providing food for soldiers. It also showed how we can come together and make a real impact during difficult times.

Independence Day /ɪndɪˈpɛndəns deɪ/ – День Незалежності

Public holiday /ˈpʌblɪk ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/ – Державне свято

Traditions /trəˈdɪʃənz/ – Традиції

Parades /pəˈreɪdz/ – Паради

Fireworks /ˈfaɪəwɜːks/ – Феєрверки

Family gatherings /ˈfæmɪli ˈɡæðərɪŋz/ – Сімейні збори

Honor /ˈɒnər/ – Вшановувати

Soldiers /ˈsəʊldʒəz/ – Солдати

Ongoing war /ˈɒnˌɡəʊɪŋ wɔːr/ – Триваюча війна

Remember /rɪˈmɛmbər/ – Пам'ятати

Resilience /rɪˈzɪljəns/ – Стійкість

Nation's independence /ˈneɪʃənz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns/ – Незалежність нації

Ivy: "Oleksiy, do you know when the previous public holiday was?"

Oleksiy: "Yes, it was Independence Day on the 24th of August."

Emma: "Great! What are the common traditions for this holiday?"

Oleksiy: "People usually celebrate with parades, fireworks, and family gatherings. However, this year, many events focused on honoring our soldiers. This was due to the ongoing war with Russia. We also remembered those we've lost. It's a day to honor our nation's independence and resilience." 

Defender of Ukraine Day /dɪˈfɛndər ʌv juˈkreɪn deɪ/ – День захисника України

Public holiday /ˈpʌblɪk ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/ – Державне свято

Military parades /ˈmɪlɪtəri pəˈreɪdz/ – Військові паради

Ceremonies /ˈsɛrɪˌmoʊniz/ – Церемонії

Honor veterans /ˈɒnər ˈvɛtərənz/ – Вшановувати ветеранів

Cultural events /ˈkʌltʃərəl ɪˈvɛnts/ – Культурні заходи

Contributions /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃənz/ – Внески

Armed forces /ɑːrmd ˈfɔːrsɪz/ – Збройні сили

Ivy: "Oleksiy, when is the next public holiday after Independence Day?" 

Oleksiy: "The next public holiday is Defender of Ukraine Day on October 14th." 

Ivy: "Interesting! How do people usually celebrate this holiday?" 

Oleksiy: "There are military parades, ceremonies to honor veterans, and various cultural events. It's a day to recognize and appreciate the contributions of our armed forces."