will:

Use "will" for spontaneous plans made during the conversation.

Example: I can't decide what to wear for an interview. I know! I'll wear my white shirt.

Example: I don't remember the name of an article about some IMO recommendation. Sorry for the delay. I will check my notes for a second.

going to:

Employ "going to" when expressing plans made prior to the moment of speaking.

Example: I'm going to sit at the library until 8 o'clock.

Example: I'm going to receive my employment consultation today.

Example: I'm going to visit my job interview at 3 PM.

Present continuous:

Use the present continuous when plans have been prepared, confirmed by at least one person, and the time and place of the event have been discussed.

Example: We are having an English consultation on Monday.

Example: We are having two exams next week. It is so challenging.

Frequently, present continuous is used to inquire about future plans.

Example: Are you preparing the documents to apply for the University?

Listen carefully to the nuances of each tense, as they will be essential for your upcoming exercises.

Now, let's delve into expressing general future plans in English. To convey that something will happen in the future in a more general sense, we often use verb phrases that indicate intent, coupled with an infinitive. Let's explore some common expressions:

• expect + an infinitive

• hope + an infinitive

• intend + an infinitive

• plan + an infinitive

Let's look at these expressions in action with some examples:

• I expect to settle down in a city by the sea.

• I expect to graduate soon.

• I expect to participate in an English club.

• I expect to apply to a University.

• I hope to amend my future plans through a coronavirus. (Note: This sentence might need clarification during the lesson.)

• I hope to take some private lessons in English.

• I hope to prepare well to pass my exams in English.

• I intend to sit in a library a lot.

• I intend to read several books about sailing.

• I intend to work on a large ship.

As you can see, these expressions help us communicate our aspirations and plans for the future. It's important to note that these structures convey a sense of intention and expectation regarding future events. Let's practice using them in our upcoming exercises.

Ahoy, future motormen! As you embark on your journey to conquer the maritime world, equip yourselves with the linguistic compass of the perfect form of the infinitive. This nautical grammar magic will help you express actions destined to unfold before specific moments in your promising future career. Dive into the depths of this linguistic treasure trove:

1. Expectation Enchantment:

• expect + to have + past participle

Imagine the anticipation as you foresee achievements on the horizon. For example:

• "I expect to have gained considerable experience in engine maintenance by the end of my first year at sea."

2. Hopeful Conjuring:

• hope + to have + past participle

Cast your aspirations into the vast ocean of opportunity. Consider:

• "I hope to have familiarized myself with advanced propulsion systems within the next two years."

3. Intention Incantation:

• intend + to have + past participle

Declare your intentions to the maritime cosmos. Picture this:

• "We intend to have completed specialized training programs before applying for senior motorman positions."

4. Planning Magic:

• plan + to have + past participle

Chart your course with meticulous plans for professional growth. Envision:

• "Our collective plan is to have participated in ship overhauls and repairs within the next three ship deployments."

5. Temporal Inclusion Spell:

• include a specific time by + time expression

Elevate your language by specifying when your maritime feats are set to unfold. For instance:

• "By the end of the upcoming maritime conference, I plan to have acquired certification in the latest engine diagnostics technology."

Embark on your linguistic and professional voyage, future motormen, armed with the perfect form of the infinitive. May your careers be as prosperous as the seas you navigate!

Ahoy, future motormen! Today, we're delving into the nuances of the present perfect, that magical combination of "have" or "has" with a past participle. But hold tight! We're not just talking about any present perfect; we're setting sail into the realm of adverbial clauses. Why, you ask? To chart the waters between completed actions in the future and the ones that will follow.

Examples from the Maritime Journey:

Setting Course for Wedded Bliss:

• • Original: Once I’ve completed my studies, I’ll get married.

  • Maritime Twist: As soon as I've navigated the treacherous waters of academia, I'll embark on the journey of matrimony.

Plotting the Meeting Coordinates:

• • Original: I’m going to appoint a meeting when I’ve finished my report.

  • Maritime Twist: After I've meticulously crafted my report, I'll signal the crew for an important meeting to chart our course forward.

There you have it, future motormen! The present perfect in adverbial clauses—a powerful navigational tool for your linguistic voyage. May your studies be smooth, and your future seas be clear! 🚢🌊⚓

Ahoy, future motormen! Today, we're delving into the Future Perfect tense, a powerful linguistic tool to navigate through time. This tense, formed by "will + have + past participle," helps us chart actions completed before a specific moment in the future.

Examples:

• By next year, as you steer through your studies, you will have mastered the intricate workings of ship engines.

• Picture this: By the time November's winds start to whisper, you will have earned a well-deserved promotion.

• Will our crewmate, setting sail for a summer in London, have acquired enough English skills to converse with the locals?

• As you embark on your journey to the UK, rest assured that by the time you return, you will have honed your English proficiency to perfection.

• Our course, akin to a maritime adventure, promises that by its conclusion, you will have conquered twenty challenging tests.

Embrace the Future Perfect tense, for it holds the key to narrating accomplishments on your maritime odyssey!

 a. I’m going shopping when I’ve finished my report.

 "I’ve finished my report" is the adverbial clause. We don't have to use the future perfect in the adverbial clause.

Once I've succeeded in my career, I’ll get married, create a family and have children.

Ми вживаємо  present perfect (have / has + verb past participle) в підрядних реченнях обставини (adverbial clauses) для того щоб провести різницю між закінченою дією в майбутньому та дією, яка буде слідувати за нею. 

I expect to have acquired all the necessary knowledge and skills at my vocational school, because leaving school is the beginning of my independent life, the beginning of a far more serious examination of my abilities and character.

Дія буде мати місце чи можливо буде мати місце перед певним моментом в майбутньому:

expect + to have + past participle

hope + to have + past participle

intend + to have + past participle

plan + to have + past participle

According to African Proverb “Smooth seas do not make skillful sailors.” I think that proverb is true and I hope to learn a lot in the sea.  That's why I'm going to become a sailor.

going to

ми вижваємо going to коли потрібно сказати про плани, які ми склали до моменту говоріння:

• I'm going to sit at the library until 8  o'clock.

• I'm going to receive my employment consultation today.

• I'm going to visit my job interview at 3 PM.